Colorless transparent liquid. It can be miscible with water, ether, methanol, acetone, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, ethylene chloride, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, acetamide solution and many unsaturated hydrocarbons, but cannot be miscible with saturated hydrocarbons. It can dissolve some inorganic salts, such as silver nitrate, lithium nitrate and magnesium bromide. It can form an azeotrope with water (16% water content), and the azeotrope point is 76ºC. Flammable, its vapor and air can form an explosive mixture, in case of open fire, high heat or contact with oxidants, there is a risk of combustion and explosion. Can react strongly with oxidizing agents. It reacts violently with sulfuric acid, fuming sulfuric acid, chlorosulfonic acid, perchlorate, etc.
Acetonitrile is a colorless, transparent, organic solvent with low volatility and thermal stability, and is widely used in chemical fields. The following is an introduction to the main uses and synthesis methods of acetonitrile:
Uses of acetonitrile:
1. As a solvent: Acetonitrile is a good solvent for many organic compounds, especially organic compounds with polarity, such as fatty acids, amino acids and alkaline compounds. It can be used to dissolve solid and liquid substances in reactions and has a high solute diffusion rate.
2. Industrial applications: Acetonitrile is used as a solvent for organic synthesis reactions, such as steed synthesis, degassing and dehydration reactions. It is also widely used in the chemical industry such as coatings, dyes, rubber, plastics and synthetic fibers.
3. Analytical use: Acetonitrile can be used as a mobile phase solvent in gas chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography, especially in the separation and analysis of natural products and drugs has important applications.
